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Objective@#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. @*Methods@#PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. @*Results@#Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters (all p<0.05).
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. @*Methods@#PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. @*Results@#Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). @*Conclusion@#Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters (all p<0.05).
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Currently, neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by total mesorectal resection is considered the standard of care for treating locally advanced rectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of adding induction chemotherapy to neoadjuvant CRT in locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: This phase-II clinical trial included 54 patients with newly diagnosed, locally advanced (clinical T3–4 and/or N1–2, M0) rectal cancer. All patients were treated with 3 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy using the XELOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin) regimen before and after a concurrent standard long course of CRT (45–50.4 Gy) followed by standard radical surgery. Pathologic complete response (PCR) rate and toxicity were the primary and secondary end-points, respectively. RESULTS: The study participants included 37 males and 17 females, with a median age of 59 years (range, 20–80 years). Twenty-nine patients (54%) had clinical stage-II disease, and 25 patients (46%) had clinical stage-III disease. Larger tumor size (P = 0.006) and distal rectal location (P = 0.009) showed lower PCR compared to smaller tumor size and upper rectal location. Pathologic examinations showed significant tumor regression (6.1 ± 2.7 cm vs. 1.9 ± 1.8 cm, P < 0.001) with 10 PCRs (18.5%) compared to before the intervention. The surgical margin was free of cancer in 52 patients (96.3%). Treatment-related toxicities were easily tolerated, and all patients completed their planned treatment without interruption. Grade III and IV toxicities were infrequent. CONCLUSION: The addition of induction chemotherapy to neoadjuvant CRT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment approach in patients with rectal cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Drug Therapy , Induction Chemotherapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rectal Neoplasms , Standard of CareABSTRACT
Angiosarcomas are endothelial cell neoplasms in the lining of the blood vessel wall and account for about 0.04% of all breast malignancies with a high rate of error in primary diagnosis. The breast angiosarcoma is a rare and uncommon pathology and has been described mostly as case reports. Indeed, only a limited number of cases have been published. Accordingly, the natural history of this tumor and its clinical course remain unclear, and as a consequence, no uniform treatment strategy exists. We present the clinical course and challenges in the diagnosis of a primary angiosarcoma of the breast in a young woman, presenting with a mass in her left breast. Fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy failed to confer a correct diagnosis. She suffered severe bleeding at the time of open biopsy and underwent total mastectomy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Young women with solid breast tumors, especially those that are highly vascular, should be considered malignant until proven otherwise. Accurate diagnosis may be difficult. Open biopsy can be diagnostic, although exsanguinating bleeding may occur. Thus, performing open biopsy in locations other than equipped operating rooms may be hazardous and should be avoided
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The Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor [GIST] is a rare mesenchymal tumor of gastrointestinal [GI] tract. This tumor has tendency to liver metastasis and peritoneal recurrence, however; the primarily lymph node involvement or metastasis is rare. Here we reported a 17-years-old girl with multifocal gastric GIST and multiple lymph node involvement at presentation and recurrence in celiac lymph nodes. We also review some case reports on lymph node metastasis in GIST
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The process of neoplastic transformation in the stomach has been reported to be associated with decreased expression of normal mucins of the gastric mucosa and denovo expression of mucins that are normally expressed in other organs. This association may be used as a means to bring new insights into biologic behavior and genetic pathways in the development of gastric cancer. There are controversial reports about differences in the genetic pathway and behavior of gastric cancer in younger patients in comparison with older ones. This study aims to determine if there is any difference in mucin profiles between different age groups with gastric cancer. Over a five-year [2003-2008] period, 43 cases of gastric cancer [
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Hydatid disease is an endemic illness in some countries. The main sites of involvement are the liver and lungs, but rarely, it can be seen in other organs as well. Herein, we report a case of primary adrenal hydatid cyst accompanied by arterial hypertension